Where does Greece import its crude oil from?
Compare the recorded trading partner with a separate Eurostat model of upstream oil origins. The two measures answer different questions.
Recorded trade and a model estimate, with different products/denominators. Their difference is not a measure of indirect imports.
Greece · Russia · 2024
The combined basket mixes crude-origin and product-consignment conventions.
Follow the recorded trade amounts
0.00 / 31,491.35 × 100 = 0.00%. Amounts are thousand tonnes, not litres, energy content or EUR. Total and selected flow use the same country, product, year and unit. Missing origins are not zero; zero totals yield no share.
Selected cell status: no returned flag; total status: no returned flag.
What the model includes and misses
The model estimates one indirect layer through reporting countries, with proportional mixing. It is not physical tracing or a causal effect. It always covers all oil/petroleum excluding biofuel, even when the trade product changes. Gross-import shares and modelled production-plus-net-import percentages have different denominators; do not subtract or sum them.
Only a selected origin set is published. Missing targets are not zero. Additional processing layers and non-reporting countries are not fully traced. International bunkers and non-energy uses are not deducted. Current i flags mean imputed by Eurostat/receiving agencies; they are not an observation of a physical consignment.
Official model formula and limitations ↗| Input | Source updated |
|---|---|
| oil-origins.model | 2026-09-18T23:00:00+0200 |
| oil-origins.trade.all | 2026-10-09T23:00:00+0200 |
Is the model changing elsewhere too?
Same model, origin and matched endpoints 2021 → 2024: Greece -18.37 percentage points; other-country median -16.31 (26/26). Selected country excluded. Every inclusive year must be present with compatible model flags; gaps and breaks withhold changes. No event or policy effect is identified.
Country distribution and exact comparisons
Model median, selected country excluded: 0.66% (26/26). Missing within model coverage: none. Unavailable direct shares: none.
Source-model not applicable (m): none. Outside model coverage: 0/27.
Recorded-share country median, selected reporter excluded: 0.00% (26/26). Unweighted country median, not an official EU aggregate. Recorded and model comparisons use separate reporting cohorts.
| Country | Recorded trade share (%) | Model (%) | Model change (pp) | Model status | Change status | Excluded years |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | 0.00 | 0.34 | -27.33 | i · imputed by Eurostat/receiving agencies | ||
| Bulgaria | 2.69 | 3.23 | -11.35 | i · imputed by Eurostat/receiving agencies | ||
| Czechia | 24.01 | 28.11 | -18.42 | i · imputed by Eurostat/receiving agencies | ||
| Denmark | 0.00 | 0.10 | -16.78 | i · imputed by Eurostat/receiving agencies | ||
| Germany | 0.00 | 0.35 | -33.00 | i · imputed by Eurostat/receiving agencies | ||
| Estonia | 1.18 | 2.99 | -76.11 | i · imputed by Eurostat/receiving agencies | ||
| Ireland | 0.00 | 0.59 | -7.08 | i · imputed by Eurostat/receiving agencies | ||
| Greece | 0.00 | 3.04 | -18.37 | i · imputed by Eurostat/receiving agencies | ||
| Spain | 0.00 | 0.52 | -10.15 | i · imputed by Eurostat/receiving agencies | ||
| France | 0.00 | 0.26 | -18.47 | i · imputed by Eurostat/receiving agencies | ||
| Croatia | 5.23 | 7.19 | -3.23 | i · imputed by Eurostat/receiving agencies | ||
| Italy | 0.00 | 0.71 | -11.04 | i · imputed by Eurostat/receiving agencies | ||
| Cyprus | 0.00 | 0.02 | -12.61 | i · imputed by Eurostat/receiving agencies | ||
| Latvia | 14.65 | 15.11 | -59.31 | i · imputed by Eurostat/receiving agencies | ||
| Lithuania | 0.38 | 0.61 | -78.48 | i · imputed by Eurostat/receiving agencies | ||
| Luxembourg | 0.00 | 0.07 | -20.90 | i · imputed by Eurostat/receiving agencies | ||
| Hungary | 49.19 | 51.38 | 4.92 | i · imputed by Eurostat/receiving agencies | ||
| Malta | 0.00 | 1.42 | -10.64 | i · imputed by Eurostat/receiving agencies | ||
| Netherlands | 1.14 | 1.66 | -28.93 | i · imputed by Eurostat/receiving agencies | ||
| Austria | 0.00 | 0.56 | -14.98 | i · imputed by Eurostat/receiving agencies | ||
| Poland | 2.81 | 3.31 | -60.32 | i · imputed by Eurostat/receiving agencies | ||
| Portugal | 0.00 | 0.47 | -7.81 | i · imputed by Eurostat/receiving agencies | ||
| Romania | 0.00 | 4.67 | -24.99 | i · imputed by Eurostat/receiving agencies | ||
| Slovenia | 0.00 | 3.82 | -10.90 | i · imputed by Eurostat/receiving agencies | ||
| Slovakia | 61.76 | 66.55 | -15.84 | i · imputed by Eurostat/receiving agencies | ||
| Finland | 0.09 | 0.45 | -66.83 | i · imputed by Eurostat/receiving agencies | ||
| Sweden | 0.00 | 0.06 | -15.85 | i · imputed by Eurostat/receiving agencies |
Published model origins and selected-country history
This is the model origin set, not every recorded supplier. It must not be summed to a complete 100% distribution.
| Selected model origin | Recorded trade share (%) | Model (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | 2.45 | 2.68 |
| Algeria | 0.43 | 0.86 |
| Iraq | 28.47 | 29.04 |
| Kazakhstan | 20.00 | 20.74 |
| Libya | 13.09 | 13.37 |
| Nigeria | 0.80 | 1.09 |
| Norway | 4.48 | 4.31 |
| Russia | 0.00 | 3.04 |
| Saudi Arabia | 7.46 | 7.87 |
| United Kingdom | 1.15 | 1.27 |
| United States | 1.54 | 2.52 |
| Year | Recorded share (%) | Model (%) | Model status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2015 | 26.20 | 27.98 | i · imputed by Eurostat/receiving agencies |
| 2016 | 20.77 | 22.71 | i · imputed by Eurostat/receiving agencies |
| 2017 | 19.56 | 21.14 | i · imputed by Eurostat/receiving agencies |
| 2018 | 22.47 | 23.79 | i · imputed by Eurostat/receiving agencies |
| 2019 | 20.43 | 22.09 | i · imputed by Eurostat/receiving agencies |
| 2020 | 26.34 | 27.38 | i · imputed by Eurostat/receiving agencies |
| 2021 | 20.35 | 21.41 | i · imputed by Eurostat/receiving agencies |
| 2022 | 18.40 | 19.70 | i · imputed by Eurostat/receiving agencies |
| 2023 | 2.39 | 3.60 | i · imputed by Eurostat/receiving agencies |
| 2024 | 0.00 | 3.04 | i · imputed by Eurostat/receiving agencies |
Follow the evidence
Related questions with explicit measurement boundaries
Each page uses its own labelled reference period. Dates and baselines are not carried across different frequencies.
Eurostat · 2026-10-25